Intellectual Property

Intellectual Property Intellectual Property Intellectual Property Lately in the news there has been a lot of debate on the subject of intellectual property, how it is defined, and how it can be protected, detected, measured, and proven. Intellectual property refers to any creative action that involves an idea which is borne out of human potential. Unlike actual property, such as real estate or material possessions, intellectual property is not physical, but it does have all the other characteristics that are the same: it belongs to someone/ someone possesses it, it can be purchased, it can be sold, it can be licensed for the right, it can otherwise be given to another for use under certain conditions, it can be traded, gifted, and inherited, and it should be valued as such! The full human intellectual work, which is considered a creative or conceptual realization of an idea belongs to the creator. With the owner’s authorization or approval it can be further worked on or developed as found suitable. In business terms, intellectual property is an asset whose successful use can be a valuable contribution to the foundation of a project or a business. Experts at Homework Help Canada are very meticulous about intellectual property rights, and value its full extent, in both academic and business endeavours. Clients can trust our experts to never underestimate or trivialize its potential in any degree. This is why we have a strict policy against plagiarism, our writers understand the importance of the originality of the work, and they work to help identify and protect solutions to problems, new ideas, trademarks, services and any copyright and related rights. Our writers know that, in order to protect this type of an asset, which is not like the physical assets, requires legal instruments to safeguard it from unauthorized uses, and are well versed in those regulations. Knowing the amount of intellectual resources and means that go into creating original works makes us value it and adhere to the principles and rights that respect it. References: Caroll, M. (2015). Sharing Research Data and Intellectual Property Law: A Primer. PLoS Biol 13(8). Retrieved August 29, 2015 from journal.pbio.1002235. Intellectual Property Intellectual Property Intellectual Property Lately in the news there has been a lot of debate on the subject of intellectual property, how it is defined, and how it can be protected, detected, measured, and proven. Intellectual property refers to any creative action that involves an idea which is borne out of human potential. Unlike actual property, such as real estate or material possessions, intellectual property is not physical, but it does have all the other characteristics that are the same: it belongs to someone/ someone possesses it, it can be purchased, it can be sold, it can be licensed for the right, it can otherwise be given to another for use under certain conditions, it can be traded, gifted, and inherited, and it should be valued as such! The full human intellectual work, which is considered a creative or conceptual realization of an idea belongs to the creator. With the owner’s authorization or approval it can be further worked on or developed as found suitable. In business terms, intellectual property is an asset whose successful use can be a valuable contribution to the foundation of a project or a business. Experts at Homework Help USA are very meticulous about intellectual property rights, and value its full extent, in both academic and business endeavours. Clients can trust our experts to never underestimate or trivialize its potential in any degree. This is why we have a strict policy against plagiarism, our writers understand the importance of the originality of the work, and they work to help identify and protect solutions to problems, new ideas, trademarks, services and any copyright and related rights. Our writers know that, in order to protect this type of an asset, which is not like the physical assets, requires legal instruments to safeguard it from unauthorized uses, and are well versed in those regulations. Knowing the amount of intellectual resources and means that go into creating original works makes us value it and adhere to the principles and rights that respect it. References: Caroll, M. (2015). Sharing Research Data and Intellectual Property Law: A Primer. PLoS Biol 13(8). Retrieved August 29, 2015 from journal.pbio.1002235.

The Diversity Of The Workforce - 1049 Words

Today when you look at our country you think of it a somewhat of a melting pot or a mixed and diverse population. When you look at the populations, even in small towns you see multiple different races and cultures. This then leads to our workforce where you see that same type of diverse culture entering the workforce in the communities they live in and the ones around them. Our workforce hasn’t only changed to multicultural, it also has more and more woman as well.. If we look back 50 years you see that woman and individuals with a race other than caucasian had a very hard time finding a place where they would be welcomed in the workforce. Today woman, our international population, and races other than caucasian are finding the task of working to be a little easier. (Older Workers, 2008) Today we have programs in high schools and college that allow international students to go to college, work, and live here with an overall acceptance from Americans. Our diverse population al so includes the age that we work. With improved healthcare and the advances in technology, men and women are working well into their senior years. Some may debate that it is because they have to with our declining economy, but the fact still remains that they are able to continue in the workforce. With all of these factors it is very important that we work together to improve our communication abilities through our school building by using the application of diverse skills (Linn, 2013). A.1.Show MoreRelatedWorkforce Diversity1507 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Workforce diversity addresses differences among people within an organization. Workforce diversity means that organizations are becoming a more heterogeneous mix of people from different categories. Diversity refers to the co-existence of employees from various socio-cultural backgrounds within the company. Diversity includes cultural factors such as race, gender, age, colour, physical ability, ethnicity, education, language, lifestyle, beliefs, economic status, etc. Diversity requires aRead MoreWorkforce Diversity1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 21st century, workforce diversity has become an essential business concern. In the so-called information age, the greatest assets of most companies are now on two feet (or a set of wheels). Undeniably, there is a talent war raging. No company can afford to unnecessarily restrict its ability to attract and retain the very best employees available. Generally speaking, the term â€Å"Workforce Diversity† refers to policies and practices that seek to include people within a workforce who are consideredRead MoreDiversity And Diversity Of The Workforce895 Words   |  4 PagesCompanies have had to conform to what is known today in society. Diversity in the workforce includes a couple of different aspects. Companies must recruit, train, promote and utilize employees whom are diverse (Bateman, 2013, p. 204). Diverse being individuals who have a different ethnic backgrounds, different beliefs, different cultures, and different abilities. Diversity includes women and minorities, but also utilizing each of the individual employee’s abilities to help make the company more effectiveRead MoreDiversity Within A Workforce Diversity894 Words   |  4 Pagespromote workforce diversity through different initiatives. Some organizations have started reaping the benefits of employees’ diversity at their workplaces. Some publ ic and private organizations have promoted women and minorities to leadership positions, which was rear in the past. Despite the advantages diversity brings in various organizations and the initiatives taken by organizations to promote it, implementing it poses challenges in different organizations. Initiatives to promote diversity TheRead MoreThe Impact Of Diversity On Workforce Diversity Essay1993 Words   |  8 PagesCapitalising on Workforce diversity is the aim of most organisations today. However, workforce diversity presents both opportunities and challenges in organisations as ideas and practices from different backgrounds combine together, sometimes causing challenges such as communication and benefits such as productivity and creativity. This essay will further analyse the opportunities and challenges that are present in today’s organisations due to workforce diversity. Understanding workforce diversity is crucialRead MoreEssay on Diversity in the Workforce1581 Words   |  7 Pagesto create a diverse workforce not to have the best staff, but also the right mix of cultures as companies expand globally. Diversity is a collection of many attributes that a person, group or culture has, and how they interact together offering these individuals strength to grow a company’s business. As companies grow globally they need to pay special attention to how they market their business, offer their services in different parts of the world and having a diverse workforce helps meet those demandsRead MoreThe Diversity Of A Multicultural Workforce1151 Words   |  5 PagesAs for Google it is known for have a multicultural workforce however they lack on the amount of women working at google one of the reasons for this is they nature of the business, technology most women are actually not interested in technology jobs so it more prominently dominated by male s. For this reason it more likely for the best candidates to be male as to there is more of them. However Google is using the diversity management to attract more employees from and develop the world’s most talentedRead MoreThe Diversity Of A Diverse Workforce2007 Words   |  9 Pages Diversity management is extremely important and must be an ongoing process within all levels of an organization. Diverse work groups often have better and more ideas because of their wide-ranging backgrounds and experiences. Also, companies with a diverse work force that operate globally may perform better. While working in a group people need to have a common way of communicating and accomplishing task. If the group members do not get along then the group is likely going to suffer. Diversity inRead MoreGender and Workforce Diversity6858 Words   |  28 Pages2002) Gender and Diversity in Organizations: Past, Present, and Future Directions Audrey J. Murrell1 University of Pittsburgh Erika Hayes James University of Virginia This introduction reviews some of the key issues that have been studied by researchers focused on gender and diversity in organizations. Issues such as discrimination, afï ¬ rmative action, barriers to career advancement, and sexual harassment at work are discussed. Although the study of gender and diversity in organizations hasRead MoreManging Diversity Within The Workforce1198 Words   |  5 Pages MANGING DIVERSITY IN THE WORKFORCE Management 5000 LaTonya S. Warren Webster University Diversity encompasses acceptance and respect.  This means understanding that every individual is unique,  and noticing their individual uniqueness.   This can be different race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs,  political beliefs, or other ideologies and exploring these differences in a safe, positive, and nurturing environment

Lyndon Johnson Essay - 1259 Words

Lyndon Johnson Lyndon Johnson led the country for five years (1963-1968) after President John Fitzgerald Kennedy died of gunshot wounds on November 22, 1963. He formulated many policies and carried out many others that Kennedy could not finish. He faced many foreign problems as well, including the Vietnam War and the Cold War. How he dealt with foreign problems put him near last if not last in foreign affairs, when compared to other presidents. Johnson always talked to tourists and met reporters informally. He entertained many distinguished guests at his ranch in Texas. Also, Lyndon and his wife Claudia (Lady Bird) Johnson held formal and informal dances at the white house. His presidency left added a lot in the history†¦show more content†¦Also, Congress passed a voting rights law that ensured voting rights for Negroes and outlawed literacy tests as a voting requirement. The Civil Rights Act of 1968 ended racial discrimination in the sale or rental of houses and apartments. To add the civil rights developments by Johnson, he appointed the first Negro cabinet member and first Negro Supreme Court judge. Robert C. Weaver was select ed to be the secretary of housing and urban development. (Peter Lisagor, 149-151) Thurgood Marshall was set as the first Negro Supreme Court justice(Robert S. Summers, 2). The Railroad Crisis, in April of 1964, plunged Johnson into on of Americas toughest labor disputes. After years of disputing between union workers and train companies over work rules the companies announced new rules that resulted in a union strike. Johnson arranged a fifteen-day delay of the strike and put company and union leaders in a White House room and under pressure from Johnson the dispute was settled in only twelve days.(Peter Lisagor, 149) During his first full term he used even more policies and passed even more laws. In May 1964 Johnson stated . . . we have the opportunity to move not only toward the rich society, but upward to the Great Society. The term Great Society was used to describe many of his domestic programs. Congress passed his Appalachia bill which improved the living standards in the Appalachian Mountain region. It also passed hisShow MoreRelatedLyndon Johnson1150 Words   |  5 PagesIn Larry L. King’s, Trapped: Lyndon Johnson and the Nightmare of Vietnam, Larry King makes his assessment of Lyndon Johnson. King states, â€Å"His personal history simply permitted him no retreats or failure in testing.† (Portrait of America page 313) What King is trying to say about Lyndon Johnson in this statement is that his past does not allow him to retreat or to fail. King describes Lyndon Johnson’s history by saying, â€Å"LBJ’s mother, who smothered him with affection and praise should he performRead MoreLyndon Baines Johnson1420 Words   |  6 Pagesimportantly, however, racism and the limited power of black people was alive and well. Lyndon Baines Johnson changed that. He and his seven year long program, the Great Society, would change the aspect and the life of the minority forever . Lyndon Johnson became an integral part of the civil rights movement. In December 1963, following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the 35th U.S. president, Lyndon Johnson displayed the leadership that this country needed during such a tumultuous time. The â€Å"greatestRead MoreLyndon B. Johnson Biography784 Words   |  4 PagesApril 2016 Block 7 Am. History Lyndon B. Johnson Biography Lyndon B. Johnson was born August 27, 1908, in Stonewall, Texas Sam Ealy Johnson, Jr., a politician, farmer, cotton speculator, and newspaper owner, and Rebekah Baines Johnson, a homemaker and sometime newspaper editor (Smallwood). He was he first born of five children. Johnson started school school near his home along the Pedernales River in the Texas hill country at age four. Although at age four, Johnson attended the nearby one-room, one-teacherRead MorePresident Lyndon B. Johnson1227 Words   |  5 Pagesnot to run for reelection. For President Lyndon B. Johnson, it was circumstance that led to his decision to refrain from being president for another four years. By 1968, America’s effort to secure a genuine victory in Vietnam was severely hindered by the Tet Offensive. This critical turning point had a tremendous impact on the public’s support for the war and the way the media reported the war to the American people. As a result, President Lyndon B. Johnson decide d not to run for reelection, seeingRead MoreThe Kennedy And Lyndon B Johnson775 Words   |  4 Pagesohn F Kennedy and Lyndon B Johnson were thrown into the caldron of executive US politics on January 20th 1961 having been elected on a single presidential/vice presidential ticket. As progressive-liberals, their incumbency oversaw a period of substantial domestic and international change that has continued to shape America to this day. Historical assessments of each President are wide-ranging. Historians such as Robert Dallek, author of ‘J.F.K. - An Unfinished Life’, conclude that Kennedy’s premiershipRead MorePresident Lyndon B. Johnson Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagespresent the ongoing conflict to the people. President Lyndon B. Johnson was able to successfully sway the majority of Americans into supporting his decision to send armed forces to fight in Vietnam in his speech addressing the concerns over Vietnam. However, there were some Americans who opposed th e war including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who also wrote a speech about Vietnam titled â€Å"Beyond Vietnam† and offered his arguments against the war. Johnson managed to persuade the public to his favor with hisRead MoreThe Legacy Of Lyndon Baines Johnson1332 Words   |  6 PagesEarly life Lyndon Baines Johnson was born in Stonewall, Texas on August 27, 1908. He grew up right there in his hometown. His parents were Samuel Elay Johnson Jr. and Rebekah Baines. He was accompanied by his siblings Sam Houston Johnson, Rebekah Johnson, Lucia Johnson, and Josefa Johnson. For school he would run to the nearby, one-room junction school. He grew up on a farm but his grandfather had a dream of him becoming a member of the U.S. senate. He was a responsible young adult and out of collegeRead MoreLyndon Johnson And The Vietnam War934 Words   |  4 PagesJanuary 1969, Richard Nixon entered the executive office picking up the pieces Lyndon Johnson who had left while the Vietnam War was still in effect. Many Americans had the expectation that Nixon would be the â€Å"peaceful president†, visualizing he would put an end to this war in Southeast Asian and bring back home our troops. A policy Nixon redefined was the American role in the world by suggesting to limit the U.S resour ces and commitments. Therefore, Nixon’s set his efforts to end the war since theRead MorePresident Lyndon B. Johnson1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe one president that is phenomenal is Lyndon Baines Johnson. Lyndon has changed society from 1963 to 1969, with his Great Society Programs, Civils Rights Act, and many more that has impacted society since he came to office. Johnson was born in August 1908 Stonewall, Texas and died in Stonewall, Texas in January 1973, he was the 36th president, married to Lady Bird Johnson. LBJ succeeded by Richard Nixon. He was Vice President under JFK, John F. Kennedy, from 1961 to 1963 then became president inRead MoreLyndon B. Johnson Contributions Essay1257 Words   |  6 PagesLBJ Contributions 1 Lyndon B, Johnson Contributions LaTavia Graves Professor Odom October 7, 2016 LBJ Contributions 2 Introduction There are many famous characters in history and Lyndon B. Johnson is among those historical characters. The term historical character is used to acknowledge that these people did exist in the past and that they contributed whether it was a positive or a negative impact. Some people debate that historical characters played a big role in the past, and others

Capturing the Value of Supplementary Services Free Essays

A brief note on Supplementary service verses standard service: The service as a product is essentially described as a package or bundle of different services, tangibles and intangibles, which all together form the total product. The package is divided into two main categories: the first one is the main service, which is called the ‘core service’ or ‘substantive service’. The other one is ‘auxiliary services’ or ‘extras’, which are often referred to as ‘peripherals’ or ‘peripheral services’. We will write a custom essay sample on Capturing the Value of Supplementary Services or any similar topic only for you Order Now These are also known as supplementary services. The core service is the basic value provided by the service product.It is the reason to purchase or consume services. This is the reason for which any company is in business too. Supplementary services are those that facilitate and enhance use of the core services. These are services other than core that companies offer to their customers to give additional value to their products or to encourage customer loyalty. Flexible Services Offering: It has been observed through research that most suppliers typically provide customers with more services than they want or need at prices that often reflect neither the value of those services to customers nor the cost of providing them.Too many times the manufactures continue to let sales people give away whatever services they think it will take to land a deal, even if those freebies dramatically reduce the profitability of business. To overcome the cost associated with the above issues, the author has suggested the ‘flexible service offering’ model to enable manufacturing and service companies reduce the number and cost of services they use to augment their core products.This approach enables the company to identify a naked solution or a naked system (which is the bare-bones-minimum number of services uniformly valued by all customers in a given segment at the lowest possible price that yield a profit). These naked solutions are then wrapped with options – particular services valued by individual customers within the segment. The steps to achieve flexible service offering are, ? Understand the supplementary services portfolio. If the company compiles the complete inventory of supplementary service, then it can assess the value of each service and the cost of providing it. ? Assess the value of the service rather than just measuring the customer satisfaction. Results indicate that while customers determine their re-purchase intention based on both core and supplementary service quality, mediated by value and satisfaction there is a direct and positive relationship of involvement between customer satisfaction and value of supplementary service provided. Extend the activity-based-costing technique to supplementary services as well. If the manufacture can break down costs on segment-to-segment and customer-to-customer basis, then it is viable to determine the value/price of the service being offered. This helps industries to target those market segments where their products or services provided the greatest value to customers and thus held the greatest potential for profit. Identify the existing standard servi ces that can be done away with or specialized services that can be part of standardized services. Identify the existing optional services that can be discontinued. The benchmark here is simple: if the cost of the optional service exceeds the customers’ willingness to pay for it, the service should be discontinued. ? Apart from identifying the standard or optional services, to stay ahead in competition a manufacture has to continually innovate and produce new value added services. *For example in a survey taken by Hong Kong mobile phone industry to gauge the benefits of the supplementary services among the customers, it was reveled that the only one of the supplementary services (both optional and standard like pricing policy, staff assistance, customer service and transmission quality and network coverage) factor in the satisfaction determinants among the mobile phone users.The results suggest that network providers should focus more on transmission quality and network coverage as the core attributes of their service offerings and formulate appropriate ricing policy, rathe r than competing or focusing more on supplementary services like varied customer services. Benefits: When the supplementary services are offered with all the above attributes discussed in the flexible services offering section, there are lot many benefits the service providers gain and it also establishes the fact that trimming the supplementary services to what is required and beneficial to the manufacturer has benefits that far outweigh the benefits of keeping all the supplementary services just so as to satisfy the customer and keep the market share.Flexible service offering provides suppliers with a powerful means of retaining and expanding business with their most valuable customers. ? Helps customize the packages of products and services to meet more precisely the requirements of its spectrum of customers. ? Enables managers to be more adaptive and responsive in their pricing. ? Flexible service offering helps companies to revamp their sales force philosophies and practices. More control is given in the hands of the sales team there by enabling sales team to be more persuasive in explaining the value of services to the customers. #Case Study: Credit Card Marketing in Indian Industry The case study below deals with managing perceived risk for credit card purchase through supplementary services. Supplementary services can play a significant role in controlling functional and psychological perceived risk associated with credit card services. Marketers of credit cards can enhance the value of services to customers and can thus enhance purchase possibilities by reducing perceived risk through supplementary services that are controllable. Perceived risk is defined as the uncertainty that consumers face when they cannot foresee the consequences of their purchase decisions. The supplementary services recognized in this case were, ? ATM access, cash advance, and cash withdrawal and other facilities to meet financial requirements effectively. ? ATM access, cash advance, and cash withdrawal facilities with credit card. ? Through add-on card other family members can also use the credit card. ? Buying airline/railway tickets by using credit card at special counters save time. Additional facilities with credit card increase its usage value. In a study done by the author (Dr. Anita Goyal), it was revealed that 79. 26% agree with the idea that supplementary services provide operational value. It was also inferred that there were significant differences in the frequency of perceptions towards the statements indicating the functional utility of supplementary services available with credit cards. 70. 64% agree that supplementary services with credit cards help them to take care of psychological risk.There is a favorable perception of supplementary services in controlling the psychological risk. Respondents feel mental satisfaction to have supplementary services with credit cards. Thus, consumers while deciding for a credit card purchase consider facilitating services and supplementary services as significant in providing help to consumers for pre-purchase evaluation of credit cards and to make credit card purchase decisions in the Indian environment.References: 1. * Customer Satisfaction in the Hong Kong Mobile Phone Industry. – Service Industries Journal; Jul99, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p162-174, 13p, 3 charts http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=truedb=bthAN=2514451site=ehost-live 2. ## Managing perceived risk for credit card purchase through supplementary services. – Journal of Financial Services Marketing; Mar2008, Vol. 12 Issue 4, p331-345, 15p, 6 charts. http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=truedb=bthAN=31227169site=ehost-live How to cite Capturing the Value of Supplementary Services, Papers

What contributions did Ford and Taylor make to the organisation of work Essay Example

What contributions did Ford and Taylor make to the organisation of work? Essay Organisations, like organisms, evolve over time. Understanding the nature of organisations and how they have changed helps us to better understand the purpose of managerial work. Contributions to organisational work are based on past events which are unlikely to be recreated in their entirety, thus rendering the strategy less efficient than it was in the original situation. The implementation of classical management theory was the main focus of works by Taylor and Fayol, with business managers such as Ford being heavily influenced by these ideas. Though Taylors concepts have been fundamental for the organisational structure of some post-industrialist firms as well as current ones, I believe the way in which they have been implemented is flawed as it indicates that the strategies only work for a narrow range of firms. The inception of scientific management Taylors principles of scientific management (Taylor in Pugh, D, 1990) were based on the assumption that workers put in as little effort as possible into their work just to earn money. Hypothetically, if this assumption were true, the evaluative arguments of Taylors ideas being too harsh may not have existed; but shifting all the responsibility for the organisation from the worker to the manager, monitoring each workers progress and encouraging the efficiency of workers by relating pay to performance led to an employee backlash. The severity of his ideas even meant that some governments forbade the use of Taylorism in a firms management structure. We will write a custom essay sample on What contributions did Ford and Taylor make to the organisation of work? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What contributions did Ford and Taylor make to the organisation of work? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What contributions did Ford and Taylor make to the organisation of work? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Fords impact on the automobile industry was a visible manifestation of the visible hand (Chandler, 1977) of management. Although the continuous assembly line was a vital part of mass production, improvements in technology enabled small car components to be made accurately and the interchangeability of parts and the simplicity of attaching them together (Womack et al, 1990, p.26) allowed for a more efficient car-making process to emerge. The single purpose machine tools churned out standardised parts that didnt need to be adapted for every car by skilled workers, giving rise to the interchangeable worker. The pace of the conveyor belt of the assembly line set the pace of work the factory, permitting managers to focus on other ways to improve the firm rather than focusing on productivity and efficiency. As labour costs were a significant proportion of Fords costs, reducing the need for a specifically trained workforce led to a massive fall in the value of luxury cars, bringing a large part of the population in the US and UK into effective demand. Taylors theories are also based on the assumption that there is one best method in which an action can be undertaken, and all that is necessary is research into situation to find such a method, hence the name, scientific management. Not only has this strategy worked for the automobile industry, current examples can be seen in large chain restaurants and coffee shops such as Starbucks, as well as in the service sector. Buchanan and Huczynski (2001) identified telephone service jobs as a classic example of a job that required one specific procedure, in the form of customised call scripts, which can be followed. Fast food restaurant and call centre jobs have a high level of monotony, leading to passive workers who have little or no room to climb up the career ladder and tailor their own jobs. Focusing primarily on cutting costs by finding the most efficient method of production led to the downfall of scientific management and the rise of the people-orientated approach. The demise of scientific management Not being able to find the best way of producing a product or providing a service renders Taylors strategies impracticable. Ford tried to repeat the success of the Model T in the UK after the boom in car sales in the US; however, he did not foresee the strength on the trade unions in the UK. The labour market in the UK was inflexible and unable to adapt to the dehumanising nature of Fords factories. Although forcing workers to follow work ethic in a mindless and unquestioning manner improved the speed, precision and efficiency of production, the Model T failed to attract a large market in the UK. After sacking union workers and not listening to UK managers, Ford introduced the Model A which was better adapted to suit potential customers. This was one of the first proofs that Taylors concepts were only effective on a narrow range of non-complex industries, in which the best method of production could definitely be found after research. Tolliday (1992) noted that Fords successes were primarily based on Fords conception of fitting everything together, thus facilitating the advancements in technology and gifted mechanics to produce the Model T for a large market. I think that his success was partly down to luck as there was a constant supply of new workers in Detroit to make up for the 70% of workers that quit in the first week of Fords moving new assembly line manufacturing system. Additionally, in Buchanan and Huczynskis (2001) analysis of Taylor, they mention how he understates the complexity of what management is and what exactly managers do, and his basic assumptions that pay is a driving factor for work has been proven wrong by the Hawthorne experiment. The results demonstrated that labour has become a crucial part of the firm as, even though the experiment failed men, women joined an institution to become part of a team and forming a social aspect with co-workers outside of working hours. The need for recognition and belonging was a motivating factor in getting more women into the workforce. I think that without fully understanding the market and what managers do, commenting on how different models contribute towards organisational behaviour and their relative successes is futile. Defining management as an exact science or profession is difficult (Mintzberg, 1975, p.53) as decisions are not always taken rationally but are based on judgement and intuition. Whether this decision is good or bad can only be told in retrospect. Conclusions Increasing consumer choice and individuality of products as well as the growing complexity of markets and goods makes it harder to implement Taylorist principles. The further you move from standardisation and mass production using specialised machinery, Taylors theories begin to seem too extreme and thus would fail no matter how you tried to execute them. Given the political, social and cultural changes since Taylor first created the notion of scientific management, his theories seem of limited relevance compared to their significance at the time.

Solar System Science Project Ideas

Solar System Science Project Ideas Do you have a science fair project in your future? If so, consider focusing on the solar system. Outer space is rich with mysteries and scientific questions to explore, from the phases of the moon to the existence of space dust (micrometeorites). Start with this list of solar system science fair projects. Build a Working Sundial The ancients used sundials to tell time using the position of the Sun in the sky.  You can build your own sundial with two simple materials: a flat surface (e.g. paper, cardboard) and a thin object that can stand up (e.g. a popsicle stick or straw). Once your sundial is functional, test it for accuracy a few times per day by comparing the sundials reading to your watch or clock. Make Your Own Telescope Build a telescope. Galileo did, and so can you. Learn about the basics of telescopes  here, then check out  NASAs page on building your own. The easiest one to build is a Galileoscope, made out of a cardboard tube and some lenses.   Build a Model of the Solar System You can make a scale-model solar system out of paper or in a diorama. First, find out the distances between solar system objects, then do some math to get the distances to scale within your own model. Some tabletop scale-model solar systems contain marbles for the planets, a tennis ball for the Sun, and other smaller pebbles for asteroids and comets. Make a Spacecraft Model Build a model of a NASA space probe. Many of the major probes and space-based observatories have patterns you can download and use to make scale model, including the  Hubble Space Telescope and the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Track the Lunar Phases First, read about the phenomenon of lunar phases here. Then, for a few months, observe the Moon in the sky each night, recording how, where, and when it appears. Record the information in a chart and include a drawing of the moons shape each day.  If you have the materials, you can construct a 3D model of the sun using small balls and a light source to show how the Sun illuminates the Moon and Earth throughout the month.   Study Renewable Energy For many years, NASA and other space agencies have been using solar panels to power their satellites and the International Space Station. Here on Earth, people use solar power for everything from household electricity to powering their watches and other electronics. For a science fair project on solar power, study how the Sun generates light and heat and how we convert that light and heat into usable solar power. Collect Bits of Space Micrometeorites are tiny bits of asteroid that drift through our atmosphere and land on the surface of the Earth.  You can collect them by looking in places theyre likely to end up. For example, rain and snow can wash them off of roofs, and they can flow down the drainpipes and storm gutters. You might also try looking in the piles of dirt and sand at the bottom of a rain spout.  Collect that material, remove anything that obviously is not a micrometeorite (e.g. large rocks and leaves), and spread out the remaining material on a piece of paper. Place a magnet underneath the paper and tilt it. Most of the material will slide right off; anything that does not slide off is magnetic. Study the remaining magnetic material under a magnifying glass or microscope. Micrometeorites will appear rounded and may have pits. Edited and updated by  Carolyn Collins Petersen

5 interview questions you shouldn’t ask potential employees

5 interview questions you shouldn’t ask potential employees We talk a lot about what questions interviewees should be prepared to answer, but what if you’re on the other side of that equation? Are there any danger zone questions (or just plain ineffective) questions you shouldn’t ask? There definitely are, and they range from inappropriate to downright illegal. Let’s look at some of them. 1. How old are you?Age is always a no-no in an interview. Even if the interviewee mentions it themselves or you can deduce the age based on their resume, you can’t ask about it or use it as a factor in the hiring decision. Per the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), it’s illegal to use age as a discriminating factor in hiring. So by mentioning age, you’re opening the door to potential legal consequences for your company- whether you’re just making small talk or not.2. Are you married/do you have kids?Again, illegal, even if it’s just small talk. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) forbids using gender or family status as an element in hiring someone for a role. A question about family status could make the interviewee think you’re fishing to see if she is planning to take maternity leave, or a question about marriage could make the interviewee think you’re trying to determine sexual orientation. It’s best to leave it alone and find other ways to make small talk. And you don’t want to risk making the interviewee feel uncomfortable about having to discuss personal issues. It’s better all around to keep discussion limited to professional areas.3. If You Were a [blank], what kind of [blank] would you be?This one isn’t illegal, by any stretch. It’s just not a very useful or effective interview question. Knowing which kind of tree the interviewer identifies with or which former member of One Direction they’d like to be doesn’t tell you much of anything about how they’d approach the job at hand. Whenever possible, you should avoid filler questions like these.4. What’s your salary history?What a candidate made before is largely immaterial to what they’d make at your company, unless you’re trying to take the easy way out and determine how low you can go, salary-wise. Either way, it’s not a terribly appropriate or relevant thing to ask someone who’s applying for a specific job. It could put the interviewee on the defensive and steer the conversation away from the job itself.5. What’s your biggest weakness?If you ask this, you’re not going to get a 100% truthful answer. Candidates are on to this game, so you’re going to get an answer with spin on it. No one is going to say â€Å"Yeah, I’m just not good at motivating myself to get work done in the morning† or â€Å"I make a lot of careless mistakes.† And does the spin answer like â€Å"I am too much of a perfectionist† really help you make this hiring decision?When you’re the interviewer and have all the power, it’s important to make sure you’re making a good faith effort to ask the right questions to get someone hired. The last thing you want to do is open legal cans of worms for your company or ask questions that just don’t tell you much about the person you’re hiring to fill this job. Learning to become a great interviewer is just as much a skill as learning to become a great interviewee, and the more you work on what to avoid, the more effective you’ll be.